Vitamin E is a lipid-soluble antioxidant present mainly as α-tocopherol in human skin. Topically, it scavenges UV-induced reactive oxygen species, prevents lipid peroxidation, and stabilizes cell membranes. It also downregulates pro-inflammatory mediators (PGE2, nitric oxide) and modulates collagen, glycosaminoglycan, and pigment pathways. While widely used in dermatology and cosmetics, its efficacy is limited by formulation stability and the lack of well-controlled clinical trials.
Vitamin E (α-tocopherol)
Oxidative stress from intrinsic factors (low antioxidant defenses) and extrinsic factors (UV exposure) drives skin aging by causing DNA damage, telomere shortening, lipid peroxidation, and collagen loss. These processes trigger inflammation, barrier disruption, and reduced elasticity, leading to dryness, pigmentation, and wrinkles. Tocotrienols, as potent Vitamin E isoforms, inhibit these oxidative pathways, preserving collagen, barrier integrity, and overall skin health.
